Nun im Themenbereich Radioaktivität_en
Topic RadioactivityAll problems and solutions as
pdf here.Learning objectives resp. question areas:
- Ab Radio-01 : Number of protons, neutrons and isotopes
- Ab Radio-10 : diameter, density
- Ab Radio-20 : decay
- from Radio-30 : half-lives
- Ab Radio-40 : Determination of age
- from Radio-50 : Einstein
- This forum has 25 topics, 25 replies, and was last updated 4 days, 17 hours ago by .
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- Fixed number of protons, neutrons and electrons (Radio-01)Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following atomic nuclei
number… Protons Neutrons Electrons 31H 52He 13C 234U 13C2+ 34S2- 4He2+ 17O 200Au+ 78Br– - 1
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- Percentage ratio 1 (Radio-02)More natural carbon exists to 98.94% from 12C, the remains of which: from 13C (m=13.003355 u).
- Calculate the expected average carbon mass from these values.
- What can be deduced from the actual value of 12.0107 (value from PSE))?
- Calculate the to expected average carbon mass with the the idea, that the masses of m(12C)=12u and m(13C)=13u amount.
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- Percentage ratio 2 (Radio-03)The elements chlorine exists from two isotopes: 35Cl or 37Cl. m(35Cl) = 34.969 u, frequency = 75.77%, m(37Cl) = 36.966 u.
Calculate the average mass and interpret the result. - 1
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- Percentage ratio 3 (Radio-04)Bromine occurs in nature as a mixture of the two stable isotopes 79Br and 81Br. Frequency: 79Br to 50.65%, m = 78.918338 u. Calculate from the average molar mass of the [translation unavailable] well, you know, the frequency and the mass of the 81Br in u and g/mol.
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- Percentage ratio 4 (Radio-05)One element consists of a mixture of three isotopes, with the two lighter isotopes having the same frequencies. The molar masses of the three isotopes are also known.
Calculate the general formula for the average molar mass of the element. - 1
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- General 1 (Radio-07)What are the three silicon isotopes 28Si, 29Si, 30Si combined, what is different?
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- Percentage frequency 1 (Radio-08)What percentages of 28Si and 29Si are present if The share by weight in percentage of 30Si 3.1 % is?
Note: m(28Si) = 27.9769 u, m(29Si) = 28.9765 u, m(30Si) = 29.9738 u - 1
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- Supposedly the same molecules but different masses, radioactivity (Radio-09)The reaction of bromine with hydrogen produces hydrogen bromide gas (HBr). The following isotopes are involved in the reaction: 1H, 2H, 79Br and 81Br.
- What is the balanced reaction equation?
- How many different HBr molecules with different masses are formed?
- Which isotope combination would be the lightest HBr, which is the heaviest HBr molecule? Indication including molar mass
Assumptions for the molar masses: it is calculated by simplifying that m(Proton) = m(Neutron). the following shall apply:
M(1H) = 1 g/mol, M(2H) = 2 g/mol, M(79Br) = 79 g/mol and M(81Br) = 81 g/mol. - 1
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- Calculate the core diameter (Radio-10)Estimate the diameter of the following cores:
- 3H
- 40K
- 235U
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- Creating a plot (Radio-11)Draw the graph of the function r = 1.2·10-15·A(1/3) (result in meters)
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- Thick helium nuclei (Radio-12)Calculate the density of a helium nucleus (4He)
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- Define (in general) the different decomposition possibilities (Radio-20)
Generally define the following breakdowns using the following scheme:
A → B + C, whereas at all of them particles the atomic number and the mass number indicated are should.- alpha decay
- beta-minus decay
- beta-plus decay
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- Various breakdowns 1 (Radio-21)Complete the following table by inserting the corresponding element into the cell contents after decomposition.
Note: it is quite possible that the There is no such thing as breakdowns in reality, it is simply the application of theoretical breakdowns.
disintegration: alpha decay beta-minus decay beta-plus decay 13C 94Be 137N 135B 17O 240U 232Th 200Au 214Pb - 1
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- What element (Radio-22)The elements x (mass number 214) decomposed after a alpha decay in three identical cereals y (atomic number 26). Complete y by the atomic number and mass number and write down the complete decomposition reaction.
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- Doing what (Radio-23)Es be given each a (purified) [translation unavailable], [translation unavailable] and [translation unavailable]. One is to be seated, the other is to be eaten, and the third is to be kept as far away as possible. What do you want to do?
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- Half-life 1 (Radio-30)The half-life ('HWZ') of a [translation unavailable] of which: 10 years. After how many years (expressed as 'full multiples of the HWZ') the following quantity has been obtained from the original number of atoms
- half
- a quarter
- a 128th
- about 1 per cent
- Approximately 1 promille
- About a millionth
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- Half-life, mass (Radio-31)Fictitious assumption: 10 billion years ago there would have been 10 billion kg244Pu with a HWZ of 8.3·107 years.
How many nuclear power plants are today of the of origin 244Pu still present? - 1
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- Determination of age 1 (Radio-40)How old is a sampling, the a 8-[translation unavailable] deeper 14C-Konzentration contains as a still living the organism (HWZ(14C)= 5730 years)
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- Determination of age 2 (Radio-41)How many 14C atoms contain 1 g of carbon, which is 5730 years old. Note: a current ('today') sample has a ratio of 14C/12C to 1.2·10-12.
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- Determination of age 3 (Radio-42)What time range is accessible with the 14C-Methode? Following adopted: the limit of measurement be approx. 1000 [translation unavailable] small as the concentration at 14C, which in living other organisms demonstrated are can.
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- Determination of age 4 (Radio-43)In a living organism, you measure about 16 decay per second per gram of carbon. In an old piece of wood that contains 5 g of carbon, you measure 44 decay per second. How old is the piece of wood?
Assumption: linear decay between two half-lives, T1_2(C) is 5730 years. - 1
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- Determination of age 5 (Radio-44)In a fresh cotton fabric, 0.27 Bq is measured.
a) The Shroud of Turin measures 0.25 Bq. How old is the Shroud?
(b) In another tissue, 0.1 Bq is measured.
It is assumed that a linear decay occurs between two half-lives. - 1
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- Loss of mass 1 (Radio-50)Our sun has a power of 3.82·1026 W. So what is the mass loss per second?
Note: [W] = [J/s] = [kg·m2/s2] - 1
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- Mass loss 2 (Radio-51)It will be a grams 23592U in full split.
(a) Calculate the energy released per gram. For each split core, 200 MeV energy is released.
Note: 1ev = 1.602·10-19 J
(b) How high could you lift a car (m = 1000 kg) with this energy? - 1
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- Mass loss 3 (Radio-52)It will be a grams 23592U in full split. Per grams will be approx. 8.21·1010 J energy free, see in addition also a previously exercise. The switzerland required in the the last 5 years average round 810'000 terahjoule energy per year. Suppose you only want to gain this energy by splitting 23592U. How big would an appropriate uranium bullet be?
Further data are needed for the calculation:- 1 terajoule = 1012 joules, total incense: 8.1·1017 J
- Other sources say 2.04·1017 J
- Density uranium ores 19.1 g/cm3
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